GPIO(General Purpose Input/Output ports) are the little pins sticking out of the circuit board and allow you to plug various devices into your Pi. With a little programming, you can then control them or detect what they are doing. See also GPIO pinout to explore different pin schemas and their uses in several protocols
Here we are trying to light a LED. In addition to your Raspberry Pi running Raspbian & S8 and Cylon loaded, what you will need is: